Association between physical activity and depression in adult prescription opioid users: A cross-sectional analysis based on NHANES 2007-2018.

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to examine the association between physical activity (PA) and depression among adult prescription opioid users. METHOD: Data of adults who recently took prescription opioids were collected from NHANES 2007-2018. Participants were divided into two groups according to whether PA in each domain was ≥600 MET-min/week. According to weekly activity frequency, recreational physical activity (RPA) was divided into inactivity, insufficient activity, weekend warrior (WW), and regular activity. PHQ-9 scores ≥10 were identified as depression. RESULTS: RPA of ≥600 MET-min/week was associated with a 40% (OR: 0.60, 95%CI: 0.38-0.96, P = 0.032) reduction in the risk of depression. Restricted Cubic Spline plots found a nonlinear dose-response relationship between RPA and depression (P = 0.045), and the turning point of depression risk was around 600 MET-min/week. There was no significant difference in the risk of depression between the WW and inactivity groups (OR: 0.65, 95%CI: 0.25-1.72, P = 0.382). The regular activity group had an 45% (OR: 0.55, 95%CI: 0.31-0.99, P = 0.046)lower risk for depression than the inactivity group. CONCLUSION: Only regular RPA is associated with a reduced risk of depression, and RPA showed a nonlinear dose-response relationship. The antidepressant effect of the WW is not significant.

Curative effect of immediate reconstruction after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The safety of mastectomy (MT) with immediate reconstruction (IR) in breast cancer patients who have completed neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is not apparent. This meta-analysis aims to systematically evaluate the differences in surgical complications and postoperative survival rates between MT with IR (MT+IR) and MT alone in post-NAC breast cancer patients. Methods: The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, WanFang Data, and CNKI databases were systematically searched, and cohort studies of post-NAC breast cancer patients with MT+IR or MT surgery were collected from databases inception to May 25, 2023. Two researchers independently executed literature screening, data extraction, and bias risk assessment, and meta-analysis was performed using Revman 5.3 software. Results: A total of 12 studies involving 7378 cases who have accepted NAC were collected for this study. The results showed that compared with the MT group, the relative risk of surgical complications in the MT+IR group was increased by 44%, with no statistical significant [RR=1.44, 95% CI (0.99, 2.09), P=0.06]. While among study subgroups with a median follow-up of less than one year, more surgical complications occurred in the MT+IR group by 23% [RR=1.23, 95% CI (1.00, 1.52), P=0.05]. There was no significant differences in overall survival, disease-free survival, local relapse-free survival, and distant metastasis-free survival between the two groups. Conclusions: Compared with the MT, MT+IR does not affect the postoperative survival rate in post-NAC breast cancer patients, accompanied by a mild increase in short-term surgical complications, but no significant difference in long-term complications. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero, identifier CRD42023421150.

Electrolysis Process-Facilitated Engineering of Primary Particles of Cobalt-Free LiNiO2 for Improved Electrochemical Performance.

The particle morphology of LiNiO2 (LNO), the final product of Co-free high-Ni layered oxide cathode materials, must be engineered to prevent the degradation of electrochemical performance caused by the H2-H3 phase transition. Introducing a small amount of dopant oxides (Nb2O5 as an example) during the electrolysis synthesis of the Ni(OH)2 precursor facilitates the engineering of the primary particles of LNO, which is quick, simple, and inexpensive. In addition to the low concentration of Nb that entered the lattice structure, a combination of advanced characterizations indicates that the obtained LNO cathode material contains a high concentration of Nb in the primary particle boundaries in the form of lithium niobium oxide. This electrolysis method facilitated LNO (EMF-LNO) engineering successfully, reducing primary particle size and increasing particle packing density. Therefore, the EMF-LNO cathode material with engineered morphology exhibited increased mechanical strength and electrical contact, blocked electrolyte penetration during cycling, and reduced the H2-H3 phase transition effects.

Real-World Effectiveness and Safety of Hydrogen Inhalation in Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Single-Arm, Retrospective Study.

Aim: To evaluate the real-life effectiveness and safety of Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) receiving hydrogen inhalation (HI) treatment as a supplementary treatment. Methods: This retrospective, multicenter, observational 6-months clinical study included T2DM patients maintaining HI, visited at 4 time points. The primary outcome is the mean change in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) at the end of the study compared to baseline. The secondary outcome is analyzing the mean change of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), weight, lipid profile, insulin dose and homeostasis model assessment. Linear regression and logistics regression are applied to evaluate the effect of HI after the treatment. Results: Of the 431 patients comprised, it is observed a significant decrease in HbA1c level (9.04±0.82% at baseline to 8.30±0.99% and 8.00±0.80% at the end, p<0.001), FPG (165.6±40.2 mg/dL at baseline to 157.1±36.3mg/dL and 143.6±32.3mg/dL at the end, p<0.001), weight (74.7±7.1kg at baseline to 74.8±10.0kg and 73.6±8.1kg at the end, p<0.001), insulin dose (49.3±10.8U/d at baseline to 46.7±8.0U/d and 45.2±8.7U/d, p<0.001). The individuals in subgroup with higher baseline HbA1c and longer daily HI time duration gain greater HbA1c decrease after 6 months. Linear regression shows that higher baseline HbA1c level and shorter diabetes duration are significantly in relation to greater HbA1c reduction. Logistics regression reveals that lower weight is associated with a higher possibility of reaching HbA1c<7%. The most common adverse event is hypoglycemia. Conclusion: HI therapy significantly improves glycemic control, weight, insulin dose, lipid metabolism, ß-cell function and insulin resistance of patients with type 2 diabetes after 6 months. Higher baseline HbA1c level and shorter diabetes duration is related to greater clinical response to HI.

Sintilimab induced ICIAM in the treatment of advanced HCC: A case report and analysis of research progress.

Immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated adverse reactions (irAEs) are a clinical treatment issue that requires additional attention when ICIs have significant survival benefits in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Among them, ICIs-associated myocarditis (ICIAM) is a kind of severe irAE with a high mortality rate (17%-50%). Despite its low incidence (PD1/PD-L1 related: 0.41%-0.8%), ICIAM can significantly disturb the decision making of therapeutic schemes and even the survival outcomes of patients. ICIAM induced by sintilimab has not been reported in any complete clinical studies yet and understanding the clinical characteristics involved may inform better practices for the management. Here, we reported a 78 y/o patient with advanced HCC, who experienced ICIAM induced by sintilimab within a short course from treatment onset and found that adequate baseline examination before the implementation of the therapeutic scheme, regular monitoring of myocardial enzymonram and cardiac imaging were measures for the early detection, while glucocorticoid pulse therapy is still the best choice with timely and sufficient application. Simultaneously, the combination of other immunosuppressants may lead to better results. New-predictive markers and examination methods are still required to facilitate the early detection.

Heterogeneity, inherent and acquired drug resistance in patient-derived organoid models of primary liver cancer.

PURPOSE: We aimed to elucidate the applicability of tumor organoids for inherent drug resistance of primary liver cancer (PLC) and mechanisms of acquired drug resistance. METHODS: PLC tissues were used to establish organoids, organoid-derived xenograft (ODX) and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. Acquired drug resistance was induced in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) organoids. Gene expression profiling was performed by RNA-sequencing. RESULTS: Fifty-two organoids were established from 153 PLC patients. Compared with establishing PDX models, establishing organoids of HCC showed a trend toward a higher success rate (29.0% vs. 23.7%) and took less time (13.0 ± 4.7 vs. 25.1 ± 5.4 days, p = 2.28 × 10-13). Larger tumors, vascular invasion, higher serum AFP levels, advanced stages and upregulation of stemness- and proliferation-related genes were significantly associated with the successful establishment of HCC organoids and PDX. Organoids and ODX recapitulated PLC histopathological features, but were enriched in more aggressive cell types. PLC organoids were mostly resistant to lenvatinib in vitro but sensitive to lenvatinib in ODX models. Stemness- and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related gene sets were found to be upregulated, whereas liver development- and liver specific molecule-related gene sets were downregulated in acquired sorafenib-resistant organoids. Targeting the mTOR signaling pathway was effective in treating acquired sorafenib-resistant HCC organoids, possibly via inducing phosphorylated S6 kinase. Genes upregulated in acquired sorafenib-resistant HCC organoids were associated with an unfavorable prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: HCC organoids perform better than PDX for drug screening. Acquired sorafenib resistance in organoids promotes HCC aggressiveness via facilitating stemness, retro-differentiation and EMT. Phosphorylated S6 kinase may be predictive for drug resistance in HCC.

Transcriptional repression and apoptosis influence the effect of APOBEC3A/3B functional polymorphisms on biliary tract cancer risk.

APOBEC3-related somatic mutations are predominant in biliary tract cancers (BTCs). We aimed to elucidate the roles of APOBEC3A/3B functional polymorphisms and their influencing factors on the development of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) and gallbladder cancer (GBC). Polymorphisms at the promoter regions of APOBEC3A and APOBEC3B were genotyped in 3231 participants using quantitative PCR. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was applied to investigate the promoter activity. The difference in gene accessibility between CCA cells and GBC cells was analyzed through single-cell transposase accessible chromatin sequencing. The effect of APOBEC3A on apoptosis was examined by cytometry. It is found that rs2267401-G at the APOBEC3B promoter decreases CCA risk (age-, gender-adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.51-0.94) but increases GBC risk (AOR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.35-3.10). rs2267401-G confers a decreased APOBEC3B promoter activity in CCA cells but an increased activity in GBC cells, possibly because the transcriptional repressor TFAP2A is over-expressed in CCA. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) increases the level of APOBEC3B via inhibiting TFAP2A expression rather than directly increasing the accessibility of APOBEC3B promoter. APOBEC3A promoter rs12157810-C decreased the risks of CCA and GBC, with an AOR (95% CI) of 0.80 (0.66-0.97) and 0.75 (0.59-0.95), respectively. rs12157810-C upregulated the promoter activity in both CCA and GBC cells. TNF-α upregulated the activity of the APOBEC3A promoter with rs12157810-C via increasing the accessibility of Ets-1 p68. APOBEC3A overexpression attenuates cancer evolution by causing apoptosis, in contrast to APOBEC3B. The heterogeneity in the transcriptional regulation of APOBEC3B affects the evolutionary potential of cancer cells in the inflammatory microenvironment.

Effectiveness and safety of hydrogen inhalation as an adjunct treatment in Chinese type 2 diabetes patients: A retrospective, observational, double-arm, real-life clinical study.

Aim: To analyze the effectiveness and safety of hydrogen inhalation (HI) therapy as an adjunct treatment in Chinese type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in a real-life clinical setting. Methods: This observational, non-interventional, retrospective, double-arm, 6-month clinical study included T2DM patients receiving conventional anti-diabetes medication with or without HI initiation from 2018 to 2021. Patients were assigned to the HI group or non-HI group (control group) after 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM). The mean change in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) after 6 months in different groups was evaluated primarily. The secondary outcome was composed of the mean change of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), weight, lipid profile, and homeostasis model assessment. Logistics regression was performed to evaluate the likelihood of reaching different HbA1c levels after 6-month treatment between the groups. Adverse event (AE) was also evaluated in patients of both groups. Results: In total, 1088 patients were selected into the analysis. Compared to the control group, subjects in HI group maintained greater improvement in the level of HbA1c (-0.94% vs -0.46%), FPG (-22.7 mg/dL vs -11.7 mg/dL), total cholesterol (-12.9 mg/dL vs -4.4 mg/dL), HOMA-IR (-0.76 vs -0.17) and HOMA-ß (8.2% vs 1.98%) with all p< 0.001 post the treatment. Logistics regression revealed that the likelihood of reaching HbA1c< 7%, ≥ 7% to< 8% and > 1% reduction at the follow-up period was higher in the HI group, while patients in the control group were more likely to attain HbA1c ≥ 9%. Patients in HI group was observed a lower incidence of several AEs including hypoglycemia (2.0% vs 6.8%), vomiting (2.6% vs 7.4%), constipation (1.7% vs 4.4%) and giddiness (3.3% vs 6.3%) with significance in comparison to the control group. Conclusion: HI as an adjunct therapy ameliorates glycemic control, lipid metabolism, insulin resistance and AE incidence of T2DM patients after 6-month treatment, presenting a noteworthy inspiration to existing clinical diabetic treatment.

Electrolyzed Ni(OH)2 Precursor Sintered with LiOH/LiNiO3 Mixed Salt for Structurally and Electrochemically Stable Cobalt-Free LiNiO2 Cathode Materials.

Cobalt-free LiNiO2 cathode materials offer a higher energy density at a lower cost than high Co-containing cathode materials. However, Ni(OH)2 precursors for LiNiO2 cathodes are traditionally prepared by the coprecipitation method, which is expensive, complex, and time-consuming. Herein, we report a fast, facile, and inexpensive electrolysis process to prepare a Ni(OH)2 precursor, which was mixed with LiOH/LiNO3 salts to obtain a LiNiO2 cathode material. A combination of advanced characterization techniques revealed that the LiNiO2 cathode material prepared in this way exhibited an excellent layered structure with negligible Li/Ni site mixing and surface structural distortion. Electrochemical cycling of the LiNiO2 cathode material showed an initial discharge capacity of 235.2 mA h/g and a capacity retention of 80.2% after 100 cycles (at 1 C) between 2.75 and 4.3 V. The degradation of the cycling performance of the LiNiO2 cathode material was mainly attributed to the formation of a surface solid-electrolyte interface and a ∼5 nm rock salt-like structure, while the bulk structure of the cathode after cycling was generally stable.

MicroRNA-340 inhibits the proliferation and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by targeting JAK1.

Increasing evidence indicates that dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) contributes to tumorigenesis. MicroRNA-340 (miR-340) is downregulated in several types of cancer. However, the functional mechanism of miR-340 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. Here, we showed that miR-340 was significantly downregulated in HCC tissues and cell lines. Gain-of-function experiments demonstrated that miR-340 overexpression inhibited HCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro, and suppressed tumor growth in vivo. Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) was identified as a direct target of miR-340 in HCC cells. Ectopic expression of JAK1 reversed the inhibitory effects of miR-340. Further investigations showed that miR-340 dramatically inhibited the expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 downstream molecules including Bcl-2, cyclin D1, and matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-2. The present findings indicated that miR-340 suppressed HCC cell proliferation and invasion by regulating the JAK1/STAT3 pathway, suggesting its potential as a novel therapeutic target for HCC.